Old Runes · Writing systems
Writing system course · 5 lessons · 110 entries
Recognize rune forms and their supplied readings.
The lessons introduce runic characters with the readings, names and notes supplied in the collection. Treat names and meaning notes as memory aids, and distinguish recognizing an individual character from translating a complete text.
Read these examples freely without an account. In the app you can preview lessons, study a private copy and progress through the course one lesson at a time.
Examples from the lessons
Compare the original written form with the supplied reading or equivalent. Try covering the answer column before checking it.
| Written form | Reading | Meaning or equivalent |
|---|---|---|
| ᚠ | f | f |
| ᚢ | u | u |
| ᚦ | þ | þ |
| ᚨ | a | a |
| ᚠ | f | f |
| ᚢ | u/ú/v | u/ú/v |
| ᚦ | þ/ð | þ/ð |
| ᚨ | o/ó/ø | o/ó/ø |
How to practice
Compare the shape with its reading, then cover the reading and retrieve it. When a lesson introduces another group of forms, review the earlier group before mixing them together.
Course outline
Use the outline to choose what to preview. Starting the interactive course begins with the first lesson; later lessons become available as you continue.
- Elder Futhark
- Younger Futhark
- Short-twig runes
- Medieval runes
- Gothenburg runes